Rabies is a deadly viral infection caused by the rabies virus, which primarily spreads through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, most commonly dogs, bats, raccoons, and other wild mammals. Once the virus enters the body, it travels to the brain, causing encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). The incubation period can vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on factors like the location of the bite and the amount of virus introduced. Early symptoms are often nonspecific, including fever, headache, and fatigue, but as the disease progresses, severe neurological symptoms such as agitation, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), paralysis, and coma develop. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is almost universally fatal.
Treatment For Rabies
Management of rabies focuses on prevention and immediate post-exposure treatment. If exposure is suspected, prompt wound cleaning with soap and water is critical to reduce the risk of infection. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the key to preventing the onset of rabies and involves a series of rabies vaccinations and, in certain cases, rabies immune globulin (RIG) administration. PEP is highly effective if administered before symptoms develop. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment once clinical symptoms appear, making early intervention crucial. Vaccination of pets, control of stray animals, and public health education are essential strategies to prevent rabies exposure and transmission.
