Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) refers to a group of over 200 chronic lung disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the interstitium, the tissue and space around the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This scarring thickens the interstitium, making it harder for oxygen to pass into the bloodstream, which results in symptoms like persistent dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. ILD can be caused by long-term exposure to hazardous substances such as asbestos, silica dust, or certain gases, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, or have no identifiable cause, in which case it is referred to as idiopathic. The progression of ILD can vary widely, from slow and gradual to rapidly worsening, and its impact on lung function can significantly affect a patient’s quality of life.
Treatment for Interstitial Lung Disease
Treatment for Interstitial Lung Disease focuses on managing symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and improving the patient’s quality of life. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids and drugs like nintedanib or pirfenidone, are often used to reduce inflammation and fibrosis. Oxygen therapy may be necessary to help patients with advanced disease maintain adequate oxygen levels. Pulmonary rehabilitation, including exercise training, breathing techniques, and nutritional support, can help improve physical endurance and lung function. In some severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered for eligible patients. Regular monitoring and a personalized treatment plan are essential, as the response to treatment can vary depending on the specific type and progression of ILD.
