Tertiary Respiratory Center
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam.
Diarrhea is a common condition characterized by the frequent passage of loose, watery stools. It can be caused by various factors, including infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic), food intolerances, medications, or underlying gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diarrhea can range from mild and self-limiting to severe and life-threatening, particularly in vulnerable populations
such as infants, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems.
Hospital management of diarrhea focuses on rehydration, treating the underlying cause, and preventing complications. The key aspects include:
1. Rehydration: Intravenous fluids are administered to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which are common in severe cases of diarrhea. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) may also be given if the patient can tolerate oral intake.
2. Medications: Depending on the cause, antibiotics or antiparasitic medications may be prescribed for bacterial or parasitic infections. Antidiarrheal agents like loperamide may be used cautiously in non-infectious diarrhea to reduce stool frequency.
3. Nutritional support: Patients are encouraged to maintain an adequate diet, with a focus on easily digestible foods and avoiding items that may exacerbate symptoms. In some cases, a temporary diet modification may be required.
4. Monitoring and supportive care: Patients are closely monitored for signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. In severe cases, additional supportive care may be needed, such as managing fever, abdominal pain, or other symptoms.
5. Infection control: In cases of infectious diarrhea, strict hygiene and infection control measures are implemented to prevent the spread of the infection within the hospital setting.
