Tertiary Respiratory Center
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by the permanent dilation and damage of the bronchi, the large airways in the lungs. This abnormal widening leads to impaired clearance of mucus, creating an environment where bacteria can thrive and cause recurrent respiratory infections. Over time, repeated infections and the resulting inflammation cause further damage to the airways, leading to a cycle of infection and airway injury. Symptoms of bronchiectasis often include a persistent cough, production of large amounts of sputum, shortness of breath, wheezing, and recurrent chest infections. The condition can result from a variety of underlying causes, including severe lung infections (like tuberculosis or pneumonia), genetic conditions (such as cystic fibrosis), or immune system disorders. In many cases, however, the exact cause remains unknown.
Treatment for Bronchiectasis focuses on managing symptoms, preventing infections, and slowing the progression of the disease. Airway clearance techniques, such as chest physiotherapy and the use of devices to help loosen and clear mucus, are crucial components of treatment. Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids may be prescribed to help open the airways and reduce inflammation. Antibiotics are often used to treat acute infections and may be taken on a long-term basis to prevent recurrent infections. In some cases, mucolytics may be used to thin mucus and make it easier to expel. For patients with severe disease, oxygen therapy or even surgery to remove severely damaged areas of the lung may be necessary. Pulmonary rehabilitation, including exercise training and breathing techniques, can also help improve lung function and quality of life. Regular monitoring and a personalized treatment plan are essential for managing this complex condition effectively.
